Assessment of dynamic transformer rating, considering current and temperature limitations

Nowadays, transformers can be operated close to their thermal limits. The state of the art in transformer limits are Dynamic Thermal Rating (DTR). DTR based on two temperature limits: either a design or maximal-permissible temperature. However, many papers estimate with only. Therefore, true is still underestimated since limit ignored as well current (in some papers). Moreover, rely conservative assumption typical historical load profile net (considering distributed generation, storage, electric vehicles). modern DSO control shape (net) profile. This make estimation, assuming profile, valuable only for particular but not its modifications. paper suggests feasible region which constructed from and limitations does profiles. As case study, we investigate cold warm climates: one Russia continental climate another France temperate climate. In these climates, assess most common combinations limitations, used standards literature. result, ensure an additional capacity up 45%. DTR, limits, 100% time higher than nominal rating. limiting factors quantified analysis 34-year ambient data. Finally, comprehensive recommendations overloading formulated.